Plant Pathology and Pest Management in Nigeria: Challenges, Innovations, and Sustainable Approaches

Abstract

Plant diseases and pests remain major constraints to agricultural productivity in Nigeria, where over 70% of the population depends on farming for livelihood. The country’s tropical climate—characterized by high humidity and temperature—creates ideal conditions for pathogen proliferation and pest outbreaks. This paper examines the current status of plant pathology and pest management in Nigeria, emphasizing key crops such as cassava, maize, yam, and rice. It reviews common pathogens and pests, evaluates management practices, and explores sustainable approaches including biological control, integrated pest management (IPM), and the use of resistant crop varieties. Findings from literature and field reports reveal that despite progress in research and extension, pest management remains hindered by limited funding, weak policy enforcement, and farmer awareness gaps. The study recommends a shift toward eco-friendly pest control methods, local capacity building, and adoption of genomic tools for disease diagnosis and resistance breeding.